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The “Catholic Letters” include James, 1 and 2 Peter, 1–3 John, and Jude. These letters are grouped together to distinguish them from the Pauline corpus (the thirteen previous letters, plus Hebrews). The letters, for the most part, address the Church as a whole—rather than specific churches or individuals—and contain religious instruction and moral teaching to encourage their readers to lead...

relative: cf. note on Mt 6:1–3) is the bishop of Jerusalem, to whom the risen Lord appeared; this reduces the number of possible Jameses to three—James the Greater, James the Less, and James, the Lord’s brother and bishop of Jerusalem. The first-mentioned was martyred by Herod Agrippa around AD 44 (Acts 12:12) and it is unlikely that he could have been the author of the letter. As regards the two remaining Jameses, we cannot be sure that they were one and the same person but the likelihood is that
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